Hi Ricky
As for the AMOC collapsing, You’ve been misled by carefully worded scientists with an agenda, and you are far from alone .
From the paper (Physics-based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course, Science Advances):
“From proxy records, it has been suggested that the AMOC is currently in its weakest state in over a millennium.”
“Proxy records” are not data, they are stand-ins. “suggested” is not even a clear indication. This is lawyer talk when all the evidence says differently.
"The RAPID-MOCHA array has shown that the AMOC strength has decreased by a few Sverdrups (3 plus or minus 1 Sv) from 2004 to 2012, and thereafter it has strengthened."
When the Gulf Stream flows north past Newfoundland, it moves at a rate of 150 sverdrups or 700 Amazon Rivers. The Gulf Stream meanders to dissipate energy, like train cars zigzagging after a crash. Satellite imagery shows that the Gulf Stream varies in flow by 3 Sv annually., sometimes faster, sometimes slower of the course of one year.
Estimating “sea surface temperatures time series based on “fingerprint” patterns for indicates that the AMOC weakened."
Seriously, you need CSI to know Atlantic Ocean Currents. Remember the message in a bottle.
The AMOC is particularly sensitive to the ocean’s freshwater forcing, either through the surface freshwater flux (e.g., precipitation) or by the input of freshwater due to river runoff or ice melt (e.g., from the Greenland Ice Sheet).
Any kid at a stream table will tell you that adding still water to flowing water is not going to slow it down. As you know, water flows down, the more the faster. The Amazon River tongues fresh water out over the surface of the Atlantic and has no effect on the ocean current below. Dingy racers look for a slippery sea. This is a patch of fresh water that moves differently than the tidal current below.
A giveaway to the Tom-foolery is Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater, which is measured pooled on the surface of an ice sheet big enough for 5 Californias. About 8-10 inches deep. They don’t know how much it refreezes because, from a satellite, it's all ice. Meanwhile, no significant increase in runoff has been observed in Greenland, and the sea water is still salty on top.
The government agency is called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) because oceans control the atmosphere, and never the other way around.
